Others0
Rock Deformation Versus Bedding Plane A comparative study of the material deformations under shearing on different bedding samples is presented in Fig. 16. This analysis is interpreted as the peak deviation with respect to axial or radial deformation. Basically, such an analysis helps provide a clear picture of weak bedding in terms of the stiffness.

An Experimental Investigation of Shale Mechanical Properties Through Drained and Undrained Test Mechanisms Part B
Adsorption
Hydrocarbon recovery from unconventional reservoirs (shale gas) is debated due to its environmental impact and uncertainties on its predictability. But a lack of scientific knowledge impedes the proposal of reliable alternatives. The requirement of hydrofracking, fast recovery decay and ultra-low permeability—inherent to their nanoporosity—are specificities of these reservoirs, which challenge existing frameworks. Here we use molecular simulation and statistical models to show that recovery is hampered by interfacial effects at the wet kerogen surface.

Activated desorption at heterogeneous interfaces and long-time kinetics of hydrocarbon recovery from nanoporous media
Hydrulic Fracture
The current study investigates hydraulic fracture stimulation for an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) in a petrothermal environment to evaluate stress shadowing and fracture interaction in a multi-fracture setup. Previous studies investigated the geothermal potential of the area around Freiberg (Saxony, Germany), which is therefore used as a case example. The commercial discrete element code 3DEC™ is applied to conduct the numerical simulations. The simulation results show that hydraulic fracture stimulation results in a strong stress field alteration, which significantly influences the propagation of subsequently stimulated fractures. The resulting deflection of fractures can be minimized applying an optimized stimulation concept.

Simulating the hydraulic stimulation of multiple fractures in an anisotropic stress field applying the discrete element method
Others
Determination of shale volume distribution is one of the most important factors that has to be considered in formation evaluation, since existence of shale reduces effective porosity and permeability of the reservoir. In this paper, shale volume and distribution (dispersed, laminar and structural) and formation effective porosity are estimated from well log data and cross-plots.

Determination of Shale Volume and Distribution Patterns and Effective Porosity from Well Log Data Based On Cross-Plot Approach for A Shaly Carbonate Gas Reservoir
Hydrulic Fracture0
Case 1 is the simple planar hydraulic fracture; Case 2 is the non-planar hydraulic fracture; Case 3 is the simple planar natural fracture; Case 4 is the non-planar natural fracture; Case 5 is the simple planar natural fracture network; Case 6 is the non-planar natural fracture network.

A Comprehensive Model for Real Gas Transport in Shale Formations with Complex Non-planar Fracture Networks
Adsorption
Here we present and validate a novel lattice Boltzmann model incorporating both adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbent interactions with hydrodynamics which, for the first time, allows adsorption to be computed with real-life details.

Modeling adsorption with lattice Boltzmann equation
Reservoir Simulation
In this approach, a multi-fractured horizontal gas well in a shale formation is divided into four zones. Shale formation between each pair of hydraulic fractures consists of four zones: compacted zone around well-bore (1), shale matrix (2), induced fractures (3) and main hydraulic fractures (4). The main contribution of this study is considering varying permeability for each specific zone implemented in the mathematical presentation of gas flow in shale.

Unconventional Shale Reservoir’s Property Estimation through Modeling, Case Studies of Australian Shale
Hydrulic Fracture
The study of fault slip in response to fluid injection offers a means to understand the complex hydromechanical behavior of shale gas and oil reservoir systems during hydraulic fracturing operations, together with the induced seismicity, and corresponding mitigation measures, arising from such events. In this paper, a series of numerical simulations are performed to investigate the relationship between hydraulic fracturing (i.e. fluid injection) and the response of a naturally fractured rock mass to transient fluid pressures.

A Numerical Investigation of Fault Slip Triggered by Hydraulic Fracturing
Reservoir Simulation0
We build a compositional reservoir model to investigate the effects of complex fracture geometries on performance of CO2 Huff-n-Puff and CO2 continuous injection. The results confirm that the appropriate modelling of the fracture geometry plays a critical role in the estimation of the incremental oil recovery.

Simulation Study of CO2-EOR in Tight Oil Reservoirs with Complex Fracture Geometries
Flow Mechanics
Oil shale circulating fluidized bed combustion technology is a new technology and it is the most economical and efficient combustion way for using Oil shale resources. Nnumerical simulation of CFB is very important in the prediction of its flow behavior.

Numerical Simulation Research on Gas-Solid Two Phase Flow in Oil Shale Circulating Fluidized Bed
Hydrulic Fracture
Microseismic technology has been proven to be a practical approach for in-situ monitoring of fracture growth during hydraulic fracture stimulations. Microseismic monitoring has rapidly evolved in acquisition methodology, data processing, and in this paper, we evaluate the progression of this technology with emphasis on their applications in Barnett shale gas reservoir.

Microseismic Imaging of Hydraulically Induced-Fractures in Gas Reservoirs: A Case Study in Barnett Shale Gas Reservoir, Texas, USA
Others
We image the time evolution of the pore and microfracture networks during oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X-ray microtomography. Immature Green River (Mahogany Zone) shale samples were thermally matured under vacuum conditions at temperatures up to 500°C while being periodically imaged with a 2 μm voxel size.

Dynamic imaging of oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X-ray microtomography
Others0
In this work, a nanoporous template with a controllable channel diameter was used to simulate the oil storage ability of shale pore throats. On the basis of the wetting behaviours at the nanoscale solid-liquid interfaces, the seepage of oil in nano-channels of different diameters was examined to accurately and systematically determine the effect of the pore diameter on the oil storage capacity.

Do Shale Pore Throats Have a Threshold Diameter for Oil Storage?
Hydrulic Fracture
Researchers have recently realized that silty laminas are very developed in naturally fractured continental sedimentary formations in the Ordos Basin(China). Studies have shown that silty laminas are significant to improve the physical properties and gas storage capacity, and the natural fractures interact with the hydraulic fractures to maximize the fracture network during hydraulic fracturing.

Investigation of Fracturing Network Propagation in Random Naturally Fractured and Laminated Block Experiments
Reservoir Simulation
Modeling and simulation of unconventional reservoirs are much more complicated than the conventional reservoir modeling, because of their complex flow characteristics. Mechanisms, which control the flow in the reservoir, are still under the investigation of researchers.

Modeling and Simulation of Natural Gas Production from Unconventional Shale Reservoirs
Others
Marine shale gas in South China is widely distributed and demonstrates an enriched resource. Compared with the North American commercial shale gas field, the shale formation in South China is featured by old age, multiple stages tectonic movements, and high thermal evolution degree and complex reservoir forming conditions

Technologies in Discovery and Exploration of Fuling Shale Gas Field, China
Others0
Shale mechanical properties are evaluated from laboratory tests after a complex workflow that covers tasks from sampling to testing. Due to the heterogeneous nature of shale, it is common to obtain inconsistent test results when evaluating the mechanical properties. In practice, this variation creates errors in numerical modeling when test results differ significantly, even when samples are from a similar core specimen.

An Experimental Investigation of Shale Mechanical Properties Through Drained and Undrained Test Mechanisms
Adsorption
In order to reveal the methane adsorption capacity influenced by the geological factors in the process of thermal evolution, a shale sample from Chang-7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the southeastern part of the Ordos Basin was collected.

Experimental study of the impact on methane adsorption capacity of continental shales with thermal evolution
Reservoir Simulation
The characteristics of tight oil reservoir are low porosity and ultra-low permeability, thus stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) should be conducted whether applying the mode of vertical wells or horizontal wells production.

The Research of Gas Flooding of Horizontal Well with SRV in Tight Oil Reservoir
Hydrulic Fracture
Selection of the optimal completion of horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of the low-permeable formation

Selection of the optimal completion of horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing of the low-permeable formation, field C
Others0
The application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques in fluid typing and properties estimation is well-developed in conventional reservoirs. However, Shale reservoirs characteristics like pore size, organic matter, clay content, wettability, adsorption, and mineralogy would limit the applicability of the used interpretation methods and correlation.

Shale characteristics impact on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) fluid typing methods and correlations
Others
Development of unconventional shale gas resources involves intensive capital investment accompanying large commercial production uncertainties.

Economic appraisal of shale gas resources, an example from the Horn River shale gas play, Canada
Reservoir Simulation
In this study, a numerical model was developed to investigate the effect of confined phase behavior on cumulative oil and gas production of four horizontal wells with different fracture geometries.

A Comprehensive Numerical Model for Simulating Fluid Transport in Nanopores
Adsorption
Velocity (line-dot) agrees with the flat type, and the oscillation is covered by noise; the accumulative mass flux curve (dashed line) is only affected by the density distribution.

Impact of Adsorption on Gas Transport in Nanopores

Shale Basic Knowledge

shale formation modeling in a simulation through information acquired with seismic and well logs.

How to evaluate a shale play? Part B

0

HOW TO EVALUATE A SHALE PLAY? Part B Emanuel Martin In the first part of “HOW TO EVALUATE A SHALE PLAY?" we've developed: Shale play features, Main properties

is required to know the values of porosity, water saturation, permeability, reservoir volume and the volumetric factor of the gas or oil; the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), thermal maturity, depositional environment, mineralogical composition and mechanical properties.

How to evaluate a shale play? Part A

0

How to evaluate a shale play? Part A Emanuel Martin Introduction Shale formations constitute 60% of the rocks that make up the Earth's crust being only a small group

Pores in shale plays

WHERE IS THE GAS STORED?

0
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality website. Slurry blender, pump truck, proppant, van, Wellhead, Allaboutshale.com, shale handbook.

WHAT IS HYDRAULIC FRACTURING? PART B

0
Hydraulic fracturing

What is hydraulic fracturing? part A

0
Gray Shale rock from Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén, Argentina.

WHAT IS A SHALE?

0

Flow Mechanics

Oil shale circulating fluidized bed combustion technology is a new technology and it is the most economical and efficient combustion way for using Oil shale resources. Nnumerical simulation of CFB is very important in the prediction of its flow behavior.

Numerical Simulation Research on Gas-Solid Two Phase Flow in Oil Shale Circulating Fluidized Bed

0

Numerical Simulation Research on Gas-Solid Two Phase Flow in Oil Shale Circulating Fluidized Bed   Qing Wang1,Jun-tao Feng1,Bai-zhong Sun1,Yong-qing Qi2,Deng-feng Chen2,Jin-long Luo1 1.Northeast Dianli University, Jilin, Jilin Province,

The coupled effect of gas slippage and effective stress on shale permeability remains unclear. Here we perform laboratory experiments on Longmaxi shale specimens to explore the coupled effect.

Experimental investigation on the coupled effect of effective stress and gas slippage on the permeability of shale

0
The streamlines are quite tortuous, and continuous pathways from the inlet to the outlet are quite few, resulting in quite low permeability of shales.

Nanoscale simulation of shale transport properties using the lattice Boltzmann method: permeability and diffusivity

0
Left: In bulk, molecular diffusion is well described by the hydrodynamic Stokes–Einstein relation Ds=μkBT=kB/(4πZη0) (with slip boundary conditions). The effective particle diameter 2R0 is consistent with σCH2 —independently of the alkane length—because the diffusive motion is mostly in longitudinal direction. Right: In contrast, in the nanopores, movement of alkane molecules is dominated by friction on the carbon matrix, corrected for the free volume accessible to the molecule (green sphere). The total friction force is a sum of the forces between the individual monomers with the pore wall—therefore scaling linearly with the alkane length. v stands for the molecule velocity.

Subcontinuum mass transport of condensed hydrocarbons in nanoporous media

0
Top-Down modeling, a recently developed data-driven reservoir modeling technology  (ISI, 2014), is defined as a formalized, comprehensive,

Full field reservoir modeling of shale assets using advanced data-driven analytics

0

Reservoir Simulation

In this approach, a multi-fractured horizontal gas well in a shale formation is divided into four zones. Shale formation between each pair of hydraulic fractures consists of four zones: compacted zone around well-bore (1), shale matrix (2), induced fractures (3) and main hydraulic fractures (4). The main contribution of this study is considering varying permeability for each specific zone implemented in the mathematical presentation of gas flow in shale.

Unconventional Shale Reservoir’s Property Estimation through Modeling, Case Studies of Australian Shale

0

Unconventional Shale Reservoir’s Property Estimation through Modeling, Case Studies of Australian Shale   Robert Shiver*, Kim Nelsen, Eifei Li, John Lee, Grad Dwithes Cooper Clean Energy Inc., Sydney,

We build a compositional reservoir model to investigate the effects of complex fracture geometries on performance of CO2 Huff-n-Puff and CO2 continuous injection. The results confirm that the appropriate modelling of the fracture geometry plays a critical role in the estimation of the incremental oil recovery.

Simulation Study of CO2-EOR in Tight Oil Reservoirs with Complex Fracture Geometries

0

Simulation Study of CO2-EOR in Tight Oil Reservoirs with Complex Fracture Geometries Pavel Zuloaga-Molero1, Wei Yu2, Yifei Xu1, Kamy Sepehrnoori1 & Baozhen Li3 1Department of Petroleum and

Modeling and simulation of unconventional reservoirs are much more complicated than the conventional reservoir modeling, because of their complex flow characteristics. Mechanisms, which control the flow in the reservoir, are still under the investigation of researchers.

Modeling and Simulation of Natural Gas Production from Unconventional Shale Reservoirs

0
The characteristics of tight oil reservoir are low porosity and ultra-low permeability, thus stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) should be conducted whether applying the mode of vertical wells or horizontal wells production.

The Research of Gas Flooding of Horizontal Well with SRV in Tight Oil Reservoir

0
In this study, a numerical model was developed to investigate the effect of confined phase behavior on cumulative oil and gas production of four horizontal wells with different fracture geometries.

A Comprehensive Numerical Model for Simulating Fluid Transport in Nanopores

0
In North America, the transition from more conventional reservoirs into tight, basin-centered gas and now source shales has caused the industry to change the way reservoir performance is being assessed, measured, and documented. Historically in conventional reservoirs the reservoir quality was carefully examined on a well by well basis to determine reserves in place and exploitation plans.

Shale Reservoir-Centric Completions

0

Others

Rock Deformation Versus Bedding Plane A comparative study of the material deformations under shearing on different bedding samples is presented in Fig. 16. This analysis is interpreted as the peak deviation with respect to axial or radial deformation. Basically, such an analysis helps provide a clear picture of weak bedding in terms of the stiffness.

An Experimental Investigation of Shale Mechanical Properties Through Drained and Undrained Test Mechanisms Part B

0
Determination of shale volume distribution is one of the most important factors that has to be considered in formation evaluation, since existence of shale reduces effective porosity and permeability of the reservoir. In this paper, shale volume and distribution (dispersed, laminar and structural) and formation effective porosity are estimated from well log data and cross-plots.

Determination of Shale Volume and Distribution Patterns and Effective Porosity from Well Log Data Based On Cross-Plot Approach for A Shaly Carbonate Gas Reservoir

0
We image the time evolution of the pore and microfracture networks during oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X-ray microtomography. Immature Green River (Mahogany Zone) shale samples were thermally matured under vacuum conditions at temperatures up to 500°C while being periodically imaged with a 2 μm voxel size.

Dynamic imaging of oil shale pyrolysis using synchrotron X-ray microtomography

0
In this work, a nanoporous template with a controllable channel diameter was used to simulate the oil storage ability of shale pore throats. On the basis of the wetting behaviours at the nanoscale solid-liquid interfaces, the seepage of oil in nano-channels of different diameters was examined to accurately and systematically determine the effect of the pore diameter on the oil storage capacity.

Do Shale Pore Throats Have a Threshold Diameter for Oil Storage?

0
Marine shale gas in South China is widely distributed and demonstrates an enriched resource. Compared with the North American commercial shale gas field, the shale formation in South China is featured by old age, multiple stages tectonic movements, and high thermal evolution degree and complex reservoir forming conditions

Technologies in Discovery and Exploration of Fuling Shale Gas Field, China

0
Shale mechanical properties are evaluated from laboratory tests after a complex workflow that covers tasks from sampling to testing. Due to the heterogeneous nature of shale, it is common to obtain inconsistent test results when evaluating the mechanical properties. In practice, this variation creates errors in numerical modeling when test results differ significantly, even when samples are from a similar core specimen.

An Experimental Investigation of Shale Mechanical Properties Through Drained and Undrained Test Mechanisms

0
Top