Shale Basic Knowledge

Unconventional fields only produce hydrocarbons cost-effectively through stimulation treatments to large-scale, due to this, the determination of the mechanical properties of the formation and its variation along the same recover a greater importance in these "reservoirs" since these allow us to determine the degree of fracturability of the formation, select the optimal orientation of the wells and designing the fracture treatment. .shale formation modeling in a simulation through information acquired with seismic and well logs.

How to evaluate a shale play? Part B

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HOW TO EVALUATE A SHALE PLAY? Part B Emanuel Martin In the first part of “HOW TO EVALUATE A SHALE PLAY?" we've developed: Shale play features, Main properties

is required to know the values of porosity, water saturation, permeability, reservoir volume and the volumetric factor of the gas or oil; the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), thermal maturity, depositional environment, mineralogical composition and mechanical properties.

How to evaluate a shale play? Part A

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How to evaluate a shale play? Part A Emanuel Martin Introduction Shale formations constitute 60% of the rocks that make up the Earth's crust being only a small group

Pores in shale plays

WHERE IS THE GAS STORED? Shale Pores

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Michigan Department of Environmental Quality website. Slurry blender, pump truck, proppant, van, Wellhead, Allaboutshale.com, shale handbook.

WHAT IS HYDRAULIC FRACTURING? PART B

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Hydraulic Fracturing also known as fracking or fracing is a wells stimulation technique developed in 1947 by Stanolind Oil and aims to increase the drainage area and the performance of the same through the creation of fractures in the productive formation.

What is hydraulic fracturing? part A

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Gray Shale rock from Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén, Argentina.

WHAT IS A SHALE?

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Flow Mechanics

Fig. 8 Log q/(Pi−Pwf) versus log time plot of simulated case 1

Production performance analysis of fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir

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There main focuses of this study are in two aspects: (1) find out effective methods to estimate OOIPSRV for an individual MFHW in tight oil

Fig. 5 Transient pressure type curves of MFHW in tight gas reservoir

Analytical model for pressure and rate analysis of multi-fractured horizontal wells in tight gas reservoirs

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Fig. 1 Permeability increment versus pore pressure or effective stress

Effects of stress-dependent permeability on well performance of ultra-low permeability oil reservoir in China

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Fig. 2 Structure of nanopores in organic material of shale formation. Reproduced with permission from (Zeng et al. 2017)

An analytical equation for oil transport in nanopores of oil shale considering viscosity distribution

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A numerical modeling framework is described that is able to calculate the coupled processes of fluid flow, geomechanics, and rock failure for application to general engineering problems related to reservoir stimulation, including hydraulic fracturing and shear stimulation.

An embedded fracture modeling framework for simulation of hydraulic fracturing and shear stimulation

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Hydrulic Fracture

Fractures are crucial for unconventional hydrocarbon exploitation, but it is difficult to accurately observe the 3D spatial distribution characteristics of fractures. Microtomography (micro-CT) technology makes it possible to observe the 3D structures of fractures at micro-scale.

Three-dimensional characterization of micro-fractures in shale reservoir rocks

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Therefore, the independently-developed CTSTA program is adopted to quantitatively describe the micro-fractures inside rock core, including fracture dimension, extension direction and extension scale. Meanwhile, this

Fig. 1. Comparison between screw perforation and planar perforation.

Volume fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal wells

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In addition to planar perforation, multi-scale fracturing, full-scale fracture filling, and control over extension of high-angle natural fractures, some supporting techniques are proposed, including multi-stage

Fig. 1 Experimental integrating shale displacement unit and ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

Adsorption damage and control measures of slick-water fracturing fluid in shale reservoirs

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Fig. 10 Processed image logs, conventional well logs, and estimated hydraulic aperture for each fracture plane. The last column shows the comparison between core permeability and derived values

Estimation of fracture aperture from petrophysical logs using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm into a fuzzy inference system

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Figure 5: Two scenarios of multiple horizontal well placement.

Optimization of Multiple Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs

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Fig. 3 Discretisation in XFEM

A Numerical Study on the Effect of Anisotropy on Hydraulic Fractures

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Others

this paper integrates for the first time environmental, economic and social aspects of shale gas to evaluate its overall sustainability

Sustainability of UK shale gas in comparison with other electricity options: Current situation and future scenarios

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Fig. 1. Fractions of TOC (A) and molecular composition of LMW acid (B) and LMW neutral (C) fractions of the shale gas flowback water.

Removal of organic compounds from shale gas flowback water

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of typical well design, showing (A): structure of an exploration well; and (B): a production well. Depths to which different casings are used vary according to geology and pressure regime of drill site. Well diameter exaggerated to show sections more clearly.

Oil and gas wells and their integrity: Implications for shale and unconventional resource exploitation

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Fig. 1. Map of the Barnett Shale formation and production. The map illustrates the county-level spatial distribution of shale gas production (main map) and average per-well production rate (inset).

The shale gas revolution: Barriers, sustainability, and emerging opportunities

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Fig. 1. Physical and spatial concepts in the TIM.

Investigating the traffic-related environmental impacts of hydraulic-fracturing (fracking) operations

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Fig. 3. The number of sites that need to be developed before an incident or spill is likely to occur based on the petrol tankers data and minimum and maximum tanker numbers from the IoD report. Scenario 1: Single-well pad with 10 wells with 10 laterals developed over two years

The potential for spills and leaks of contaminated liquids from shale gas developments

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